Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Park, Project Story
“What is most important is that every aspect of this design emerges from the realities of the park's surroundings—the waterfront, the Statue of Liberty, the rest of Battery Park City and lower Manhattan—and connects to the imperatives of human use.”
-Paul Goldberger, Architecture Critic, New York Times
On the southern edge of Manhattan, the Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Park sits amongst giants. The Park, with its brick pavilions, framed lawn, and sweeping views of New York Harbor and the Statue of Liberty, has remained a popular public space for locals and tourists alike for over twenty years. Where more modest or conventional parks would be overshadowed by the colossal surroundings, Wagner Park offers a space exclusively reserved for the public that stands apart from, but also very much a part of, the City.
Author(s)
Rodolfo Machado, Jeffry Burchard, and Jamie Dondero
Published
August, 2017
Tags
Robert F. Wagner Park Jr., Public Spaces, Design Process
Wagner Park pavilions with the Statue of Liberty framed in the distance
Background
The Wagner Park project was awarded to a team including Machado and Silvetti Associates, Landscape Architect Laurie Olin and Horticulturist Lynden Miller in 1992 by David Emil, then President of the Battery Park City Authority. Emil’s selection of this team followed the advice of the late Walker Art Center curator, Mildred Friedman and New York Times architecture critic, Herbert Muschamp. Wagner Park, sited upon landfill sourced from the excavation of the World Trade Center site, was meant to serve as an anchor to the recently developed neighborhood of Battery Park City. At the onset of the project there was no established program, just the need for some perfunctory facilities—bathrooms and maintenance storage—and a suggested space for a small café.
1992 aerial photo of Battery Park City
The primary challenge in designing a Park for the small urban site was to elevate its presence as an important public space in the context of the City and Harbor. The team knew at the outset that to stand out, the site needed something significant, something with a colossal bearing.
Elevation view of early pavilion design
Unprecedented Realism
“The ideas of Unprecedented Realism deeply permeate Wagner Park and it, perhaps, is the building in which we got closest to the materialization of these ideas.”
-Rodolfo Machado
Leading up to the Wagner Park project, Rodolfo Machado and Jorge Silvetti had made a clear statement about their own approach to the production of architecture, titled Unprecedented Realism. The ideas involved in Unprecedented Realism were developed, tested and refined through Machado and SIlvetti’s shared professional practice and respective academic careers. Recently, while reflecting on Wagner Park, Rodolfo noted that, “it, perhaps, is the building in which we got closest to the materialization of these ideas.”
Architectural historian, K. Michael Hayes describes Unprecedented Realism:
“Unprecedented realism is an anticipatory architecture [that] shows a world that is and a world that might be. In this architecture the object is transformed, loosening things from their familiar world and installing the perception of a possible, different one, whose full social character can only later become clear. It returns architecture to its properly social and collective vocation by imagining and imaging the presently impossible.”
Conceptual Basis
Process of abstraction
The conceptual evolution of Wagner Park can be understood in part as a process of architectural and conceptual abstraction. The process begins with a prototypical Roman temple expressed in plan, dedicated to the Statue of Liberty; through a series of architectural redactions, the temple is abstracted to become the expression of its core iconographic qualities and principles.
Imprinted upon the pavilion is the form of a half-buried colossal face. Brick patterns are used iconographically to “paint” this facial condition—Manhattan’s own colossal monument—that looks back at the Statue of Liberty. The inspiration for embedding this colossus within the park comes, in part, from Machado and SIlvetti’s trips to the ancient Greek colonies of Sicily.
Construction Methods and Materials
“In all honesty, we were trying to say something about a timeless way of construction.”
-Rodolfo Machado
Separate from the conceptual dimension of the design, the construction methods and materials used in Wagner Park, especially those used for the pavilions, served both as a purposeful connection to the past and critique of the present.
The use of brick in the pavilions is an intentional allusion to the East River bridges of lower Manhattan, and the massive masonry of the pylons and foundations that define these iconic bridges. This choice of materiality relates the scale of the Park pavilions to the massive scale of the surrounding infrastructure, while also taking part in the shared material language and history of Manhattan.
Detail view of pavilion brick arch
The design and construction of the pavilions called for working with multiple exquisite patterns of Roman masonry. The use of these ancient techniques of brickwork was intended to sharply contrast with the poor-quality of construction in the area at that time and highlight the potential of a renewed commitment to the historic and future resiliency of expert craft in construction.
Construction detail of pavilion stairs
“Wagner Park is one of the finest public spaces New York has seen in at least a generation.”
-Paul Goldberger, Architecture Critic, New York Times
View of Wagner Park out to Statue of Liberty
Wagner Park, with its materiality suggestive of a colossal scale, form evocative of a literal colossus and layout conceptually rooted in the Roman temple typology, manages to remain intact as a public space, undiluted by the looming pressures of the surrounding city. And it is because of this persistence of presence that Wagner Park is so successful as a public space.
View of Wagner Park lawn
In the News
“Will the Fat Lady Sing for Wagner Pavilion?" - The Broadsheet
“We Need a Broader Vision for Visionary Postwar Developments” - Huffington Post
“Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Park at Risk” - The Cultural Landscape Foundation
“Architects aren't happy with plans to remodel Wagner Park” - The Architect’s Newspaper
Related Content
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Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Park occupies a unique site, characterized by its relatively small area located at the center of colossal surroundings. This spectacular site is dedicated to public recreation. The main function of this public place — and the reason for its existence — is the privileged viewing of the Statue of Liberty and New York Harbor. Read more about the project here.
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